英语被动句语法讲解(被动语态讲解及归纳)

英语中，动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态意义：主语是动作的执行者；被动语态意义：主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态谓语动词构成： be +done 其中的be动词需根据不同的时态、主语人称和数的变化而变化。

一般现在时 am/is/are+done

一般过去时 was/ were +done

一般将来时 will be/ be going to be+done

现在进行时 am/is/are +being+done

过去进行时 was/were+being+done

现在完成时 have/has+been +done

过去完成时 had+been +done

情态动词 （can/may/must/could/should…)+be

特别注意

1.主动语态变被动语态时，时态要保持一致。

We call him Tom.(主动） He is called Tom.(被动）

We called him Tom ten years ago.(主动） He was called Tom ten years ago.(被动）

2.被动语态的否定句，not 需放在第一个助动词后面，疑问句需把第一个助动词放在主语前面。

The park will not be built next month.

When will the park be built? (正确) When will be the park built? (错误）

特殊用法

一．双宾语的被动语态

变被动语态时，如果直接宾语（指物）作主语，需在间接宾语（指人）前加介词to或for。如果间接宾语作主语，就不用加介词了。

1. He gave me a present yesterday.

I was given a present yesterday.

A present was given to me yesterday.

2. He bought me a new bike yesterday.

I was bought a new bike yesterday.

A new bike was bought forme yesterday.

需要加介词 to的谓语动词：

give, pass, hand, lend, send, show, tell, write, teach, offer,bring, take

需要加介词 for的谓语动词:

buy, get, fetch, cook, sing, make (制作）

二．短语动词的被动语态

谓语动词是短语动词时，变被动语态不能丢掉介词或副词。

We should speak to the old politely.(主动）

The old should be spoken to politely.(被动）

三．复合宾语的被动语态

通常将宾语变成被动语态的主语，宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。不带to的动词不定式作宾补，变被动语态时，需补出to。

The film made him sad.(主动）

He was made sad by the film.（被动）

We heard him play the piano in the next room.(主动）

He was heard toplay the piano in the next room.（被动）

归纳一下，当作短语来记:

make sb. do — be made to do

see sb. do — be seen to do

hear sb.do—be heard to do

watch sb. do—be watched to do

see sb doing — be seen doing

tell sb to do — be told to do

ask sb to do — be asked to do

tell sb not to do — be told not to do

ask sb not to do — be asked not to do

四．不用被动语态的动词：

不及物动词（vi.) happen,last

A traffic accident happened just now.

2.短语 take place, come true, come out ,go out, run out, take off, go off,

belong to

His new book came out last week.

3. 连系动词 be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…

Beijing Opera sounds very beautiful.

4. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候

The pen _________ (write) very fast.(writes)

This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well. (sells)

五．含有被动语态的短语：

1. be used to do

be used for n./doing

be used as

2 . be allowed to do

3. be made of/from.

be made in

be made by

be made into

be made up of

be made out of

4. be covered with

5. be filled with= be full of

6. be supposed to do =be expected to do

7. be known as/for/to

六． 含有被动语态的句式：

It’s said that… 据说……

It’s reported that… 据报道……

It’s believed that…人们认为……

It’s well known that…众所周知……

You are wanted on the phone.有人给你打电话了。

七. 被动结构 being +done

avoid being hurt 避免受伤 be afraid of being laughed at 害怕被嘲笑

八.一些过去分词充当形容词的短语，要和被动语态区分开来。

be intersted in

be surpriised at

be worried about

九.过去分词表被动的用法,不是被动语态。

I want to have a photo taken tomorrow.

The song sung by Zhou Jielun is popular.

There is a little water left in the glass.

fallen leaves落叶，fried chicken炸鸡，get/have sth. done让别人做某事

还有一些知识点，不是被动语态但是表示被动的意思。如:

I have a lot of work to do.

There will be twenty trees to plant.

The flowers need watering.

朋友们，这些用法都是初中阶段需要学习的，掌握之后，如果遇到被动语态的题，你将所向披靡。